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Penetration Testing

Penetration Testing: See Your Network Through an Attacker's Eyes

Penetration testing simulates real-world cyberattacks against your network, applications, and physical security to identify vulnerabilities before attackers exploit them. Vigil Cyber delivers comprehensive assessments with detailed findings, risk ratings, and remediation guidance — meeting compliance requirements for HIPAA, SOC 2, CMMC, and PCI DSS.

Key Distinction

Vulnerability Scan vs. Penetration Test

Both matter. Neither replaces the other. Understanding the difference determines whether you're buying the right assessment for the risk you're trying to understand.

Vulnerability Scan

  • Automated, non-exploitative process
  • Compares configurations against known CVE databases
  • Runs continuously or on a scheduled cadence
  • Identifies theoretical vulnerabilities
  • Does not validate exploitability in your specific context
  • Generates large lists of findings requiring prioritization
  • Low cost, high frequency — operational hygiene

Penetration Test

  • Manual, adversarial process conducted by skilled testers
  • Actively exploits vulnerabilities to demonstrate real impact
  • Point-in-time assessment with defined scope and rules of engagement
  • Identifies chained attack paths a scanner cannot discover
  • Validates what is actually exploitable, not just theoretical
  • Produces prioritized, business-contextualized findings
  • Higher cost, lower frequency — adversarial validation

Bottom line: Vulnerability scanning is ongoing operational hygiene — run it continuously. Penetration testing is adversarial validation — run it annually at minimum, and after significant infrastructure changes. Compliance frameworks like PCI DSS, HIPAA, SOC 2, and CMMC require both.

Service Portfolio

Penetration Testing Services

We offer a full range of testing methodologies. Scope is determined by your risk priorities, compliance requirements, and the specific systems you need validated.

External Network Penetration Testing

Internet-Facing Infrastructure

Identify exploitable entry points before attackers find them.

Simulates an external attacker attempting to breach your perimeter. Covers public-facing IPs, VPNs, firewalls, remote access solutions, exposed services, and DNS infrastructure. We use the same tools and techniques as threat actors — OSINT reconnaissance, service enumeration, exploitation, and lateral movement — to demonstrate what a real attacker could accomplish from the outside.

Internal Network Penetration Testing

Assume-Breach Scenario

Understand what an attacker can do once inside your network.

Simulates an insider threat or a compromised device — the scenario where an attacker already has a foothold inside your network. We attempt privilege escalation, lateral movement, credential harvesting, and data exfiltration from an internal position. Critical for organizations where the perimeter has already been tested but internal segmentation and detection capabilities have not.

Web Application Penetration Testing

OWASP Top 10 and Beyond

Find logic flaws and injection vulnerabilities before customers or attackers do.

Manual testing of web applications for authentication weaknesses, authorization flaws, injection vulnerabilities (SQL, XSS, XXE), business logic errors, API security gaps, and session management issues. We go beyond automated scanners — manual testing finds the chained vulnerabilities and logic flaws that tools miss. Reports map findings to OWASP Top 10 and include developer-ready remediation guidance.

Social Engineering Assessments

Phishing, Vishing, and Physical

Measure your human layer — your employees are part of the attack surface.

Simulated phishing campaigns, pretexting calls (vishing), and physical security assessments that test whether your people and processes can withstand manipulation. Results identify which employee groups click at highest rates, which pretexts bypass your controls, and where security awareness training investments will have the greatest impact on reducing human risk.

Wireless Security Testing

Wi-Fi and Rogue Access Points

Verify your wireless network cannot be used to bypass your wired security controls.

Tests wireless network configurations for encryption weaknesses, rogue access points, guest network isolation, authentication bypass opportunities, and Evil Twin attack feasibility. Many organizations invest heavily in perimeter and endpoint controls while leaving wireless as a convenient bypass for an attacker with physical proximity to the building.

Remediation Guidance and Retesting

From Finding to Fixed

Verify remediation was effective, not just completed.

Every engagement includes a detailed remediation report with specific, actionable guidance for each finding — not generic recommendations. After your team remediates critical and high findings, we conduct a targeted retest to verify the fix was effective and didn't introduce new issues. Retest results are documented for compliance reporting and underwriting evidence.

Our Methodology

How We Run an Engagement

Every engagement follows a structured methodology grounded in industry frameworks — PTES, OWASP, NIST 800-115 — tailored to your environment and objectives.

1

Scoping

Define target systems, rules of engagement, testing windows, and emergency contacts.

2

Reconnaissance

OSINT, DNS enumeration, and passive intelligence gathering on the target environment.

3

Enumeration

Active scanning, service discovery, and identification of attack vectors.

4

Exploitation

Manual exploitation attempts to demonstrate real-world impact of identified vulnerabilities.

5

Post-Exploitation

Lateral movement, privilege escalation, and data access demonstration within agreed scope.

6

Reporting

Executive summary plus technical findings with risk ratings and remediation guidance.

What You Receive

Executive summary for non-technical leadership
Technical findings report with CVSS scores
Attack narrative — how findings chain together
Evidence: screenshots, tool output, proof-of-concept code
Remediation guidance for each finding
Risk-prioritized remediation roadmap
Retest verification after remediation (included)
Compliance mapping (PCI, HIPAA, NIST, CMMC)
Compliance-Driven Testing

Penetration Testing for Compliance Requirements

Compliance frameworks don't just recommend penetration testing — several require it explicitly. Our reports are formatted to satisfy the documentation requirements of each framework.

PCI DSS

PCI DSS v4.0 — Requirement 11.4

PCI DSS v4.0 Requirement 11.4 mandates penetration testing of external and internal network infrastructure and application components at least annually and after any significant change. Testing must follow an industry-accepted methodology. Our reports include the documentation and evidence required for QSA review.

HIPAA

HIPAA Security Rule — Risk Analysis

While HIPAA does not mandate penetration testing by name, OCR guidance and the Security Rule's risk analysis requirement make it a standard practice for thorough risk assessment. Penetration testing provides empirical evidence of exploitability that a vulnerability scan alone cannot. Our healthcare-focused engagements address ePHI system access paths specifically.

SOC 2

SOC 2 — Common Criteria 9.2

SOC 2 auditors expect evidence that organizations test the effectiveness of their security controls, not just their existence. Penetration testing — documented with findings, remediation tracking, and retest results — provides compelling evidence for Common Criteria 9.2 (risk monitoring) and supports the availability and confidentiality trust service criteria.

CMMC

CMMC Level 2 — CA.L2-3.12.1

CMMC Level 2 requires periodic assessments of security controls to evaluate whether the controls are effective. For contractors handling Controlled Unclassified Information (CUI), penetration testing is the strongest evidence that controls are effective — not just documented. Our CMMC-aligned engagements produce the assessment documentation required for C3PAO review.

Annual Penetration Testing

A structured, comprehensive adversarial assessment conducted once or twice per year. Validates your security posture at a point in time, satisfies annual compliance requirements, and provides board-level reporting on security risk.

  • Satisfies annual compliance penetration testing requirements
  • Comprehensive scope across full environment
  • Board-ready executive reporting on security risk
  • Clear before/after comparison year over year
  • Predictable cost for budget planning

Best for: compliance deadlines, budget-constrained programs, initial baseline assessments

Continuous / Ongoing Testing

Recurring engagements — quarterly targeted tests, continuous attack surface monitoring, or a retainer-based model — that keep pace with your evolving environment and provide ongoing assurance between annual assessments.

  • Tests new infrastructure before attackers discover it
  • Quarterly targeted tests on high-risk systems
  • Tracks security posture improvement over time
  • Covers application releases and environment changes
  • Retainer pricing reduces per-engagement cost

Best for: rapid growth environments, cloud-heavy architectures, frequent application releases

Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions

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